References

Akbari, H. and D. Kurn, et al. 1997. Peak power and cooling energy savings of shade trees. Energy and Buildings. 25:139–148.

Alexander, K. 2008. Tree Benefits Page.  Colorado Tree Coalition. 

Alvey, A. 2006. Promoting and Preserving Biodiversity in the Urban Forest. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 5: 195-201. 

American Forests. 2008a. New Study Reveals Dramatic National Tree Loss. News from American Forests. 

American Forests. 2008b. Setting Urban Tree Canopy Goals.  [Link] (accessed 3/24/08).

Anderson, L.M. and H.K. Cordell, 1988. Residential Property Values Improve by Landscaping with Trees. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry. 9:162-166

Center for Urban Forest Research (CUFR). 2008. Where are All the Cool Parking Lots?  US Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station.

Center for Urban Forest Research (CUFR), U.S. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station, Southern Center for Urban Forestry Research & Information, Southern Research Station. 2004. Athens, Georgia.

Christina Basin Tributary Action Team. 2007. Christina Basin Pollution Control Strategy. Water Resources Agency, Institute for Public Administration.

Clark, J., W. Kruidenier, and K. Wolf. 2005. National Research Plan for Urban Forestry: 2005-2015. A Report by the National Urban and Community Forestry Advisory Council.

Coder, Kim D. 1996. Identified Benefits of Community Trees.[PDF] University of Georgia.

Davey Resource Group. 2002. Tree Inventory Management Plan for the City of Wilmington, DE. 

Heisler, Gordon M. 1986. Energy Saving with Trees. Journal of Arboriculture. 12:5

Heynen, N. C. and G. Lindsey. 2003. Correlates of Urban Forest Canopy Cover: Implications for Local Public Works. Public Works Management and Policy. 8:33-47.

Home Depot Foundation. 2007.  Stronger, Healthier Cities Through Trees: A Resource Guide.

Homer, C., J. Dewitz, J. Fry, M. Coan, N. Hossain, C. Larson, N. Herold, A. McKerrow, J.N. VanDriel, and J. Wickham. 2007. Completion of the 2001 National Land Cover Database for the Coterminous United States. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing. 73(4): 337-341.

Huang, J., H. Akbari, and H. Taha. 1990. The Wind-Shielding and Shading Effects of Trees on Residential Heating and Cooling Requirements. ASHRAE Winter Meeting, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. Atlanta, Georgia.

ICLEI, Local Governments for Sustainability. 2006. Talking Trees: An Urban Forestry Toolkit for Local Governments.

i-Tree: Tools for Assessing and Managing Community Forests. USDA Forest Service Research, State and Private Forestry, and other Cooperators. [Link] 

Kavassalis, C. 2007. Benchmarking Oakville’s Urban Forest. [Link] (accessed 4/30/08).

Kuo, F.E. 2001. Coping with Poverty: Impacts of Environment and Attention in the Inner City. Environment & Behavior. 33(1):5-34.

Kuo, F.E., and A. F. Taylor, 2004. A Potential Natural Treatment for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Evidence for a National Study. American Journal of Public Health. 94(9), 1580-1586.

Kuo, F.E. and W.C. Sullivan. 1996. Do Trees Strengthen Urban Communities, Reduce Domestic Violence? Forestry Report R8-FR 56. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Region.

Kuo, F.E. and W.C. Sullivan. 2001a. Aggression and Violence in the Inner City: Impacts of Environment Via Mental Fatigue. Environment & Behavior. 33(4):543-571.

Kuo, F.E. and W.C. Sullivan. 2001b. Environment and Crime in the Inner City: Does Vegetation Reduce Crime? Environment and Behavior. 33(3):343-367.

Kurn, D., S. Bretz, B. Huang, and H. Akbari. 1994. The Potential for Reducing Urban Air Temperatures and Energy Consumption through Vegetative Cooling.[PDF]ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy. Pacific Grove, California.

Laverne, R.J. and Kimberly Winson-Geideman. 2003. Journal of Arboriculture. 29(5): 287.

Lipkis, A. and K. 1990. The Simple Act of Planting a Tree: A Citizen Forester's Guide to Healing Your Neighborhood, Your City, and Your World. Jeremy Tarcher, Inc.

McPherson, E. G., D. J. Nowak, and R. A. Rowntree. 1994.  Chicago’s Urban Forest Ecosystem: Results of the Chicago Urban Forest Climate Project. General Technical Report NE-186. U.S. Department of Agriculture, United States Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station.

McPherson, E. G., J. R. Simpson and K. I. Scott. 2002. Actualizing Microclimate and Air Quality Benefits with Parking Lot Shade Ordinances. Center for Urban Forest Research, Davis, CA.

The National Arbor Day Foundation. 2008. Tree City USA Standards. [Link] (accessed 3/20/08).

National Tree Trust. 2006. Trees: A Prospectus, A Solid Green Investment.

Nelson, A. C. 2004. Toward a New Metropolis: The Opportunity to Rebuild America. A Discussion Paper Prepared for the Brookings Institution Metropolitan Policy Program.

Nowak, D. J., E. J. Greenfield, and J. T. Walton. 2009a. Delaware’s Urban and Community Forests. General Technical Report, Draft. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Northeastern Research Station.

Nowak, D. J., R. E. Hoehn, J. Wang, V. Krishnamurthy, and G. Schwetz. 2009b, in preparation. Urban Forest Assessment in Northern Delaware. Northern Research Station General Technical Report.

Pomerantz, M., B. Pon, H. Akbari, and S. C. Chang. 2000. The Effect of Pavement Temperatures on Air Temperatures in Large Cities. Heat Island Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA.

Sherer, P. M. 2006. The Benefits of Parks: Why America Needs More City Parks and Open Space. Trust for Public Land. 5.

South Dakota Department of Agriculture (SDDA), Division of Resource Conservation and Forestry. 2008. Trees and Energy.

Street Tree Management Tool for Urban forest Managers  (STRATUM) , i-Tree Tools for Assessing and Managing Community Forests. 2007. U.S. Forest Service Research, State and Private Forestry, and other Cooperators. Analysis, Delaware Center for Horticulture.

Taylor, A. Faber, F. E. Kuo, and W.C. Sullivan. 2002. Views of Nature and Self-Discipline: Evidence from Inner City Children. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 22: 49-63.

Treiman, T. and J. Gartner. 2005. What Do People Want From Their Community Forests? Results of a Public Attitude Survey in Missouri, U.S. Journal of Arboriculture. 31(5): 243-250.

Ulrich, R.S. 1984. View through a window may influence recovery from surgery. Science224: 420-421.

United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water. 2005. National Management Measures to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution from Urban Areas. EPA Publication Number 841-B-05-004.

United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2008.[PDF], Reducing Urban Heat Islands: Compendium of Strategies: Trees and Vegetation.

United States Census Bureau. n.d. [Link]. (January 2007).

United States Department of Interior. 2008. Geologic Survey. Multi-resolution Land Characteristics Consortium. www.mrlc.gov. (1 August 2008).

Vogel, Mary. 2006. Moving Toward High-Performance Infrastructure. Urban Land.

Wachter, S. and K. C. Gillen. 2006. Public Investment Strategies: How They Matter for Neighborhoods – Identification and Analysis. The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania.